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According to the latest
statistics by the National Safety Council, one in eight licensed drivers is
involved in an automobile accident each year. Whether or not you become one of
those unfortunate drivers involved in a collision, the following information
can help you lessen the headaches and expense of an accident. In case of an
accident:
- Don't leave the
scene.
- If vehicles are
operable, move them to the shoulder, out of the way of oncoming traffic
- Call for medical
assistance if there are any injuries.
- Provide basic first
aid, but don't move an injured person unless you possess medical or
lifesaving expertise
- In many areas, you
have to call the police Get the officer's name, badge number, police
station address, and phone number. Ask when the accident report will be
filed, its case and report number, and how you can get a copy
- Take careful note of
the date and time of the accident, the street and city, weather and road
conditions, direction and speed you and other drivers were going, and how
the accident occurred.
What you need in your
glove compartment
- Always carry your
insurance card and vehicle registration
- Keep a list of
emergency numbers in the glove compartment at all times
- Keep a medical card
with you if you have allergies to any medicine or you have a condition
that requires special attention
About Rental Cars
- Check your insurance
policy or call your agent to see if you have rental car reimbursement
coverage.
- For an average of $1
to $2 per month, rental car reimbursement will pay for the cost of renting
a car after an accident while your vehicle's in the repair shop.
- If the accident is
not your fault, the other party's insurance company may provide you with
rental car reimbursement.
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An
alarming figure from the National Safe Kids Campaign:
As of December 1,
1998, 68 children have been killed by passenger air bags. More than 20
percent of these deaths were among infants in rear-facing child safety
seats in front of a passenger air bag. An additional 70 percent were
either unrestrained or improperly restrained at the time of the crash.
DID YOU KNOW?
- In 1997, more
than 282,000 children ages 14 and under were injured as occupants in
motor vehicle-related crashes. Children ages 4 and under accounted
for nearly 30 percent of these childhood motor vehicle occupant
injuries.
- Seventy-five
percent of motor vehicle crashes occur within 25 miles of home. In
addition, 60 percent of crashes occur on roads with posted speed
limits of 40 mph or less.
- The back seat
is the safest place for children to ride. It is estimated that
children ages 12 and under are 36 percent less likely to die in a
crash if seated in the rear seat of a passenger vehicle.
- Thanks to the
National SAFE KIDS Website for these statistics. Please visit them
for more
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Make sure your current
car seat hasn't been recalled!
Click
Here for a list of recalled seats.
Car Safety Question:
When can I move
my child into a booster seat?
Not until he has
completely outgrown his regular safety seat -- when he weighs more
than 40 pounds or is too tall for it. He is too tall if his shoulders
are higher than the top set of harness slots or if the tips of her
ears are above the back of the safety seat. If he is too tall for his
convertible seat but still weighs less than 40 pounds, switch to a
child-seat/booster. These seats are slightly taller and can be used
with the built-in harness for children up to 40 pounds and later as a
belt positioning booster, with lap AND shoulder belt, for children up
to 60-100 pounds.
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Preventing Home
Burglary
- Invest in solid
doors and good quality locks on doors and windows. This includes on all
sliding glass doors as well. Make it not only difficult but also time
consuming for a burglar to gain entry.
- Whenever you go
outside, lock the door and take the key with you, even if you are just
stepping next door or out mowing the back yard.
- Don't put valuables
where they can be seen from the window, especially items that can be
easily carried.
- Be sure your garage
door can be secured. Do not leave it open when you are away; an empty
garage broadcasts your absence.
- When you aren't
home, use a timer set to turn interior lights on and off at varying
intervals as though your home was still occupied.
- Don't keep large
amounts of cash or really valuable jewelry around the house.
- If someone comes to
your door asking to use the telephone, make the call yourself. Don't
invite them in.
- Don't hide a spare
key under the door mat or under a flower pot. Thieves know all the good
hiding places.
- Plant thorny bushes
under all windows. Trim back any trees or shrubs near doors and windows
to eliminate hiding places for would-be theives.
- Invest in a good
security system along with motion sensor lights installed out of reach
- Don't leave ladders
outside. Keep any tools that could be used to break in your home safely
locked away in a garage or shed.
- Get a barking dog
or "beware of dog" signs. If you own a dog and go out of town,
have someone come in and care for your dog in your home.
- Always double check
doors at night and lock all windows.
- Engrave all
valuables such as stereos, microwaves, videocameras, with your driver's
license number. (Engraving tools are usually available through your
local law enforcement agency.) Videotape the contents of your home. Keep
the video and the list of all valuables in a safe place, such as a
safety deposit box.
CPR -
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
IT CAN BE AS EASY AS A- B- C:
A - AIRWAY
- Place victim flat
on his/her back on a hard surface.
- Shake victim at the
shoulders and shout "are you okay?"
- If no response,
call emergency medical system -911 then,
- Head-tilt/chin-lift
- open victims'
airway by tilting their head back with one hand while lifting up their
chin with your other hand.
B - BREATHING
- Position your cheek
close to victims' nose and mouth, look toward victims' chest, and
- Look, listen,
and feel for breathing (5-10 seconds)
- If not breathing,
pinch victim's nose closed and give 2 full breaths into
victim's mouth (use microshield).
- If breaths won't go
in, reposition head and try again to give breaths. If still blocked,
perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
C - CIRCULATION
- Check for carotid
pulse by feeling for 5-10 seconds at side of victims' neck.
- If there is a
pulse but victim is not breathing, give Rescue breathing at
rate of 1 breath every 5 seconds Or 12 breaths per minute
- If there is no
pulse, begin chest compressions as follows:
- Place heel of one
hand on lower part of victim's sternum. With your other hand directly on
top of first hand, Depress sternum 1.5 to 2 inches.
- Perform 15
compressions to
every 2 breaths. (rate:
80-100 per minute)
- check for return of
pulse every minute.
CONTINUE UNINTERRUPTED
UNTIL ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT IS AVAILABLE.
EARTHQUAKES
Earthquakes strike
suddenly, violently and without warning. Identifying potential hazards ahead
of time and advance planning can reduce the dangers of serious injury or
loss of life from an earthquake.
BEFORE Check for hazards in the
home.
- Fasten shelves securely to
walls.
- Place large or heavy objects
on lower shelves.
- Store breakable items such
as bottled foods, glass, and china in low, closed cabinets with latches.
- Hang heavy items such as
pictures and mirrors away from beds, couches, and anywhere people sit.
- Brace overhead light
fixtures.
- Repair defective electrical
wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks.
- Secure a water heater by
strapping it to the wall studs and bolting it to the floor.
- Repair any deep cracks in
ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of
structural defects.
- Store weed killers,
pesticides, and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with
latches and on bottom shelves.
Identify safe places in each room.
- Under sturdy furniture such
as a heavy desk or table.
- Against an inside wall.
- Away from where glass could
shatter around windows, mirrors, pictures, or where heavy bookcases or
other heavy furniture could fall over.
Locate safe places outdoors.
In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines,
overpasses, or elevated expressways.
Make sure all family members
know how to respond after an earthquake.
Teach all family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity, and
water.
Teach children how and when to
call 9-1-1, police, or fire department and which radio station to tune to
for emergency information.
Contact your local emergency
management office or American Red Cross chapter for more information on
earthquakes.
Have disaster supplies on hand.
- Flashlight and extra
batteries
- Portable battery-operated
radio and extra batteries
- First aid kit and manual
- Emergency food and water
- Nonelectric can opener
- Essential medicines
- Cash and credit cards
- Sturdy shoes
Develop an emergency communication
plan.
In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake
(a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are
at school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster.
Ask an out-of-state relative or
friend to serve as the "family contact." After a disaster, it's
often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone in the family knows
the name, address, and phone number of the contact person.
DURING If indoors:
- Take cover under a piece of
heavy furniture or against an inside wall and hold on.
- Stay inside.
- The most dangerous thing to
do during the shaking of an earthquake is to try to leave the building
because objects can fall on you.
If outdoors:
- Move into the open, away
from buildings, street lights, and utility wires.
- Once in the open, stay there
until the shaking stops.
If in a moving vehicle:
- Stop quickly and stay in the
vehicle.
- Move to a clear area away
from buildings, trees, overpasses, or utility wires.
- Once the shaking has
stopped, proceed with caution. Avoid bridges or ramps that might have
been damaged by the quake.
Pets after an Earthquake
- The behavior of pets may
change dramatically after an earthquake. Normally quiet and friendly
cats and dogs may become aggressive or defensive. Watch animals closely.
Leash dogs and place them in a fenced yard.
- Pets may not be allowed into
shelters for health and space reasons. Prepare an emergency pen for pets
in the home that includes a 3-day supply of dry food and a large
container of water.
AFTER Be prepared for aftershocks.
Although smaller than the main shock, aftershocks cause additional damage
and maybring weakened structures down. Aftershocks can occur in the first
hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake.
Help injured or trapped
persons.
Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons
unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help.
Listen to a battery-operated
radio or television for the latest emergency information.
Remember to help your neighbors
who may require special assistance--infants, the elderly, and people with
disabilities.
Stay out of damaged buildings.
Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
- Use the telephone only for
emergency calls.
- Clean up spilled medicines,
bleaches or gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately. Leave the
area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals.
- Open closet and cupboard
doors cautiously.
- Inspect the entire length of
chimneys carefully for damage. Unnoticed damage could lead to a fire.
INSPECTING UTILITIES IN A DAMAGED
HOME Check for gas leaks--If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noise,
open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the
outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor's
home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a
professional.
Look for electrical system
damage--If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell hot
insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit
breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit
breaker, call an electrician first for advice.
Check for sewage and water
lines damage--If you suspect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using the
toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact the water
company and avoid using water from the tap. You can obtain safe water by
melting ice cubes.
Preparing for
Tornadoes
When a tornado is
coming, you have only a short amount of time to make life-or-death
decisions. Advance planning and quick response are the keys to surviving a
tornado.
BEFORE
Conduct tornado drills
each tornado season.
Designate an area in the home as a shelter, and practice having everyone in
the family go there in response to a tornado threat.
Discuss with family
members the difference between a "tornado watch" and a
"tornado warning."
Contact your local
emergency management office or American Red Cross chapter for more
information on tornadoes.
Have disaster supplies
on hand.
- Flashlight and
extra batteries
- Portable,
battery-operated radio and extra batteries
- First aid kit and
manual
- Emergency food and
water
- Nonelectric can
opener
- Essential medicines
- Cash and credit
cards
- Sturdy shoes
Develop an emergency
communication plan.
In case family members
are separated from one another during a tornado (a real possibility during
the day when adults are at work and children are at school), have a plan for
getting back together.
Ask an out-of-state
relative or friend to serve as the "family contact." After a
disaster, it's often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone in the
family knows the name, address, and phone number of the contact person.
Tornado Watches and
Warnings
A tornado watch
is issued by the National Weather Service when tornadoes are possible in
your area. Remain alert for approaching storms. This is time to remind
family members where the safest places within your home are located, and
listen to the radio or television for further developments.
A tornado warning
is issued when a tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar.
Mobile Homes
Mobile homes are
particularly vulnerable. A mobile home can overturn very easily even if
precautions have been taken to tie down the unit. When a tornado warning is
issued, take shelter in a building with a strong foundation.If shelter is
not available, lie in ditch or low-lying area a safe distance away from the
unit.
Tornado Danger Signs
Learn these tornado
danger signs:
- An approaching
cloud of debris can mark the location of a tornado even if a funnel is
not visible.
- Before a tornado
hits, the wind may die down and the air may become very still.
- Tornadoes generally
occur near the trailing edge of a thunderstorm. It is not uncommon to
see clear, sunlit skies behind a tornado.
DURING
If at home:
- Go at once to the
basement, storm cellar, or the lowest level of the building.
- If there is no
basement, go to an inner hallway or a smaller inner room without
windows, such as a bathroom or closet.
- Get away from the
windows.
- Go to the center of
the room. Stay away from corners because they tend to attract debris.
- Get under a piece
of sturdy furniture such as a workbench or heavy table or desk and hold
on to it.
- Use arms to protect
head and neck.
- If in a mobile
home, get out and find shelter elsewhere.
If at work or school:
- Go to the basement
or to an inside hallway at the lowest level.
- Avoid places with
wide-span roofs such as auditoriums, cafeterias, large hallways, or
shopping malls.
- Get under a piece
of sturdy furniture such as a workbench or heavy table or desk and hold
on to it.
- Use arms to protect
head and neck.
If outdoors:
- If possible, get
inside a building.
- If shelter is not
available or there is no time to get indoors, lie in a ditch or
low-lying area or crouch near a strong building. Be aware of the
potential for flooding.
- Use arms to protect
head and neck.
If in a car:
- Never try to
outdrive a tornado in a car or truck. Tornadoes can change direction
quickly and can lift up a car or truck and toss it through the air.
- Get out of the car
immediately and take shelter in a nearby building.
- If there is no time
to get indoors, get out of the car and lie in a ditch or low-lying area
away from the vehicle. Be aware of the potential for flooding.
AFTER
Help injured or
trapped persons
. Give first aid when
appropriate. Don't try to move the seriously injured unless they are in
immediate danger of further injury. Call for help.
- Turn on radio or
television to get the latest emergency information.
- Stay out of damaged
buildings. Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
- Use the telephone
only for emergency calls.
- Clean up spilled
medicines, bleaches, or gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately.
Leave the buildings if you smell gas or chemical fumes.
- Take pictures of
the damage--both to the house and its contents--for insurance purposes.
Remember to help your
neighbors who may require special assistance--infants, the elderly, and
people with disabilities.
INSPECTING
UTILITIES IN A DAMAGED HOME
Check for gas
leaks--If you smell gas or hear a blowing or hissing noise, open a window
and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the outside main valve
if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor's home. If you turn off
the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional.
Look for electrical
system damage--If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell
hot insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit
breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit
breaker, call an electrician first for advice.
Check for sewage and
water lines damage--If you suspect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using
toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact the water
company and avoid using water from the tap. You can obtain safe water by
melting ice cubes.
Fujita - Pearson
Tornado Scale
F-0: 40-72 mph,
chimney damage, tree branches broken
F-1: 73-112 mph, mobile homes pushed off foundation or overturned
F-2: 113-157 mph, considerable damage, mobile homes demolished, trees
uprooted
F-3: 158-205 mph, roofs and walls torn down, trains overturned, cars
thrown
F-4: 207-260 mph, well-constructed walls leveled
F-5: 261-318 mph, homes lifted off foundation and carried
considerable distances, autos thrown as far as 100 meters
Preparing for Winter
Driving
The leading cause of
death during winter storms is transportation accidents. Preparing your
vehicle for the winter season and knowing how to react if stranded or lost
on the road are the keys to safe winter driving.
BEFORE
Have a mechanic check
the following items on your car.
- Battery
- Antifreeze
- Wipers and
windshield washer fluid
- Ignition system
- Thermostat
- Lights
- Flashing hazard
lights
- Exhaust system
- Heater
- Brakes
- Defroster
- Oil level (if
necessary, replace existing oil with a winter grade oil or the SAE
10w/30 weight variety)
Install good winter
tires.
Make sure the tires have adequate tread. All-weather radials are usually
adequate for most winter conditions. However, some jurisdictions require
that to drive on their roads, vehicles must be equipped with chains or snow
tires with studs.
Keep a windshield
scraper and small broom for ice and snow removal.
Maintain at least a
half tank of gas during the winter season.
Plan long trips
carefully.
Listen to the radio or call the state highway patrol for the latest road
conditions. Always travel during daylight and, if possible, take at least
one other person.
If you must go out
during a winter storm, use public transportation.
Dress warmly.
Wear layers of loose-fitting, layered, lightweight clothing.
Carry food and water.
Store a supply of high energy "munchies" and several bottles of
water.
Contact your local
emergency management office or American Red Cross chapter for more
information on winter driving.
Winter Car Kit
Keep these items in your car:
- Flashlights with
extra batteries
- First aid kit with
pocket knife
- Necessary
medications
- Several blankets
- Sleeping bags
- Extra newspapers
for insulation
- Plastic bags (for
sanitation)
- Matches
- Extra set of
mittens, socks, and a wool cap
- Rain gear and extra
clothes
- Small sack of sand
for generating traction under wheels
- Small shovel
- Small tools
(pliers, wrench, screwdriver)
- Booster cables
- Set of tire chains
or traction mats
- Cards, games, and
puzzles
- Brightly colored
cloth to use as a flag
- Canned fruit and
nuts
- Nonelectric can
opener
- Bottled water
DURING
IF TRAPPED IN CAR
DURING A BLIZZARD
Stay in the car.
Do not leave the car to search for assistance unless help is visible within
100 yards. You may become disoriented and lost is blowing and drifting snow.
Display a trouble
sign.
Hang a brightly colored cloth on the radio antenna and raise the hood.
Occasionally run
engine to keep warm.
Turn on the car's engine for about 10 minutes each hour. Run the heater when
the car is running. Also, turn on the car's dome light when the car is
running.
Beware of carbon
monoxide poisoning. Keep the exhaust pipe clear of snow, and open a
downwind window slightly for ventilation.
Watch for signs of
frostbite and hypothermia.
Do minor exercises to
keep up circulation.
Clap hands and move
arms and legs occasionally. Try not to stay in one position for too long. If
more than one person is in the car, take turns sleeping.
For warmth, huddle
together.
Use newspapers, maps,
and even the removable car mats for added insulation.
Avoid overexertion.
Cold weather puts an added strain on the heart. Unaccustomed exercise such
as shoveling snow or pushing a car can bring on a heart attack or make other
medical conditions worse. Be aware of symptoms of dehydration.
Wind Chill
"Wind chill" is a calculation of how cold it feels outside when
the effects of temperature and wind speed are combined. A strong wind
combined with a temperature of just below freezing can have the same effect
as a still air temperature about 35 degrees colder.
Winter Storm Watches
and Warnings
A winter storm watch indicates that severe winter weather may affect your
area. A winter storm warning indicates that severe winter weather conditions
are definitely on the way.
A blizzard warning
means that large amounts of falling or blowing snow and sustained winds of
at least 35 miles per hour are expected for several hours.
Frostbite and
Hypothermia
Frostbite is a severe reaction to cold exposure that can permanently damage
its victims. A loss of feeling and a white or pale appearance in fingers,
toes, or nose and ear lobes are symptoms of frostbite.
Hypothermia is a
condition brought on when the body temperature drops to less than 90 degrees
Fahrenheit. Symptoms of hypothermia include uncontrollable shivering, slow
speech, memory lapses, frequent stumbling, drowsiness, and exhaustion.
If frostbite or
hypothermia is suspected, begin warming the person slowly and seek immediate
medical assistance. Warm the person's trunk first. Use your own body heat to
help. Arms and legs should be warmed last because stimulation of the limbs
can drive cold blood toward the heart and lead to heart failure.
Put person in dry
clothing and wrap their entire body in a blanket.
Never give a frostbite
or hypothermia victim something with caffeine in it (like coffee or tea) or
alcohol. Caffeine, a stimulant, can cause the heart to beat faster and
hasten the effects the cold has on the body. Alcohol, a depressant, can slow
the heart and also hasten the ill effects of cold body temperatures.
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